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1 - 10 van 18 voor age dependency ratios
Microsoft Word - cpbdoc_westerhout.doc
... ongoing reductions in mortality rates make up for dramatic changes in the age structure of populations. in many countries, old-age dependency ratios may more or less double within a period of 40 years ... labour supply. 4.1.1 old-age dependency ratios figure 4.1 shows the development of the old age dependency ratio in the european union, where the old age dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc_tang.doc
... and japan the old-age dependency ratios are expected to double over the next fifty years. the degree of ageing, however, is rather different. in africa the old-age dependency ratio with 7 ... age dependency ratios. more recent studies are almost exclusively based on a better method, proposed in fair and dominguez (1991). fair and dominguez construct a technique where account is taken of the entire age ...
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00/research memorandum Can we a [PFP#1092373775]
... make up the labor force. indeed, old- age dependency ratios are projected to rise rapidly in the decades to come (see figure 1). figure 1 old age dependency ratios in the usa, ldc's, the eu ... payg premium as a result of an increase in the old-age dependency ratio is mitigated by an increase in the age of retirement. in the intergenerational solidarity scenario, db schemes adopt an ...
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memo241.pdf
... over long periods. keilman et al. (2008), table 2.1, present official forecasts of old-age dependency ratios in 2050 that shift by as much as period 1994-2004. this large revision is ... reproduction rate, but the uncertainty is large enough that future population growth cannot be excluded. dependency ratios too may be unstable, 6 depending on the interplay between fertility and mortality. 2.1 ...
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Discussion paper
... decision making on equitable generational policies. this is especially so because there is a strong age dependency in the net benefit from government during the course of life. therefore, constructing lifetime generational ... . the pattern of lifetime tax rates across generations is also far flatter than the annual ratios of total taxes to gdp which were presented in table 3.1. there are two ...
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N:\...\EINDVERSIE_deel1.w [PFP#1030632807]
... uncertainty how european governments respond 104 9 a conflict between generations 107 9.1 rising dependency ratios 107 9.2 towards an intergenerational conflict 108 9.3 options for reform 112 9 ... efficiency 105 9.1 old-age dependency ratio in 2000 and 2035 for various oecd countries 107 9.2 dependency ratios in various countries from public expenditure on old-age pensions in 2000 and 2035 ...
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Working Paper (set-up) Engelsta [PFP#802640440]
... the contributing factors is the age composition of immigration and emigration immigrants are relatively young, while emigrants are relatively old (on average). table 2.1 elderly dependency ratios in eu belgium 0. ... the elderly dependency ratios for several non-oecd regions. in 2000 these ratios are low compared to what is observed in oecd countries. source un (1998). in all regions the ratios will ...
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analyzing macro economic impact child care subsidies age approach pdf
... macro economic impact of child care subsidies an age approach johan j. graafland cpb netherlands bureau for economic policy ... supply (pers.) labor supply (hours) black labor(hours) human capital ratios absolute changes unemployment rate replacement ratio average burden marginal ... fourth, fifth and sixth columns indicates that the income-dependency of the parental fee has a substantial macro-economic ...
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gamma simulation model ageing pensions and public finances pdf
... fertility and increasing life expectancy will combine to produce a dramatic increase in the elderly dependency ratio. a higher proportion of retirees to workers will result in increased demands on the ... are constant relative to gdp in the long run when all relevant economic ratios, and most specifically the old age dependency ratio, have reached a steady state value. by using this as a ...
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W:\nl\pub\...\bijz47.wp [PFP#730146961]
... effects on public finance should be calculated in a long-term framework. childhood, working age and old age each have their specific profiles with respect to these net effects. techniques related to ... goes hand-in-hand with high dependency on such programmes. this is illustrated in figure 2.6, which indicates the dependency ratios by country of origin. the dependency ratio is defined as the number ...
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