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1 - 10 van 45 voor early action
Name: drs
... rates to enforce early action, cpb communication cpb, den haag, the netherlands. 24. bollen j.c., manders, t., and timmer, h.r.t. (2000), the benefits and costs of waiting, early action versus delayed ...
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discounting investments mitigation and adaptation pdf
... a discount rate of 1.4% per annum and concludes that the benefits of strong, early action considerably outweigh the costs. 17 in his most recent study, nordhaus (2008) uses a discount ... of the discount rate seems to be the crucial variable in judging whether or not early action is the efficient strategy in the face of climate change. the above argument hinges on ...
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L:\...\cpb_discussion1 .w [PFP#711495169]
... change). a second argument that may favour early action is that learning to use currently employed technologies can result in 'lock-ins' (arthur, 1989). early policy action can then be a means to ... been proposed as relevant for judging whether early action or delayed response is desirable. some of these arguments could even be used to defend both early action and delayed response. table 3.1 attempts ...
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MNP-rapport 500114006 Post-2012 Climate Policy Scenarios
... amongst the most important stakeholders. there is some willingness also in the usa to take action, provided this is coordinated multilaterally, particularly with respect to the costs and the consequences for ... start at the bottom of the envelope, the so-called early action' pathways. the newly compiled emission envelopes' show that the need for action is urgent. if the world fails to reverse the ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc38.doc
... by considering alternative futures, one can better prepare for unforeseen circumstances and perhaps take early action to deal with a particular conjuncture. the four new scenarios are extensively motivated ... regional communities is a scenario in which existing rules and policies will continue. the early retirement arrangements stimulate the trend towards low participation of the elderly. due to ...
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Microsoft Word - Charting CPB's course.doc
... apparent from an insufficient score for any of the three aspects, leads to remedial action. the staff member gets ample opportunity for improvement and is entitled to (external) ... supply (s1; cpb memorandum 76) 2005 three institutional reforms healthcare, disability insurance and early retirement provisions (s2; cpb memoranda 86, 112 and 114, cpb communication employment protection legislation ...
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Microsoft Word - Bijlage_publicaties_jaarrapportage 2009.doc
... .a. van, m.w. van der steeg en h.d. webbink, 2009b, the effect of early tracking on participation in higher education, cpb document 182. huizinga, f.h. en a.s ... workshop, 2 juni 2009, brussel. veenendaal, p.j.j., climate policy stand-alone versus concerted action; worldscan simulation outcomes with endogenous labour market responses, models workshop, 2 juni 2009, brussel. weel ...
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paper-flex-fitzenberger_0.pdf
... began (kohn, 2006; gernandt and pfeiffer, 2007; dustmann et al., 2009). between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, when wage inequality was astonishingly stable in the lower part of the ... effects. cohort effects and time-trends additively define entry wage growth. to see the inter- action between the macroeconomic-shifts and the cohort-specific effects, figure 9 plots the development of ...
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Microsoft Word - ageing_.doc
... negative shock, which is recovered by temporarily raising contribution rates. also, some actuarially unfair early retirement schemes ( vut') contain an implicit tax. as an alternative to tax smoothing ( ... the results, thereby hindering a meaningful assessment of their plausibility. the best course of action seems to be constructing a careful baseline projection, being fully transparent about the ...
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Microsoft Word - disc76.doc
... consideration. these costs could include lost output on account of early death or lower productivity reflected in reduced wages. this ... illicit production of spirits, were not touched upon. basically, no action was taken. 2.3 excise duty collections as a percentage ... way of contrast, most smoking-related costs, including morbidity and early death, are borne by the smokers themselves. 27 as single ...
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