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1 - 10 van 260 voor lower prices
access regulation and adoption voip pdf
... lower prices for voip telephony. only for an access price equal to zero, the retail price level of pstn telephony does not affect retail prices ... lower prices for voip telephony. only for an access price equal to zero, the retail price level of pstn telephony does not affect retail prices ...
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Microsoft Word - doc73.doc
... the empirical literature are that (i) the introduction of competition, when feasible, leads to lower prices and, in some cases, enhances quality; (ii) privately owned firms are more efficient and ... per year. this ignores other dimensions of reliability, such as delays. controlling for input prices and technological change, we find that under price-cap regulation reliability levels increased ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc194.doc
... bigger variety of imports is available. often these imported inputs have lower prices and or better quality. according to the endogenous growth theory ... up gdp for the eu euro per citizen in 2004 prices). the reason for this belated impact on income is that ... globalisation scenario with an anti-globalisation one, incomes are about 20% lower in the latter scenario. bradford et al. (2005) estimate the ...
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Microsoft Word - doc136.doc
... prices above its marginal costs. the idea is that fiercer competition is reflected by lower pcms due to lower prices. if there are many competitors on a market with a low level of demand, then competition forces the firms to reduce prices ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc96
... the fund managers. in these cases, product heterogeneity may facilitate unilateral departures from competitive prices. 2.4 determinants of competition consumer search and switching behaviour whether firms are ... alleviated. indeed, brown and goolsbee (2002) find that internet comparison shopping sites led to lower prices for term life insurance in the usa. using micro data on individual policies, ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc102
... 113 members of the sounding board commission 121 interviews 122 appendix a prices of the internet market 123 appendix b prices and speed in 2004 and 2005 128 appendix c economic ... improvements in broadband are reflected in higher speed or lower transmission prices. higher speed is a component of more input in investment volume, lower prices lead to more demand. more speed and better compression ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc94
... were twofold 1) to increase competition and therewith efficiency so that consumers could benefit from lower prices and 2) to increase or at least maintain the high quality of the notary ... can nowadays directly compare prices of notary services objectives dutch notary act were twofold 1) to increase competition and therewith efficiency so that consumers could benefit from lower prices and 2) to ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc101.doc
... not fully price-elastic (over time), the levying of customs duties leads in part to lower prices on the world market and in effect imposes a burden on producers outside the eu ... new arrangements, european customers will only pay the much lower world market prices. dutch farmers will then lose the advantage of receiving relatively high prices for these products (compared to the world market ...
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L:\publicaties\...\cpbdoc15.wp [PFP#1210200691]
... ins. 2.2.4 collusion and multi-market contacts collusion among firms leads to higher prices and lower quantities than in the competitive outcome. however, as conspirators have an incentive to ... geographic or product markets). whether efficiency gains are in fact passed on to customers in lower prices will depend on competitive pressure and entry conditions for potential rivals. 2.3 empirical ...
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G:\data\pdf\lijesen\disc16.wpd [PFP#1221338023]
... stabilizing market shares at their unequal level. with per unit prices unaffected and a lower standing charge, we arrive at lower average prices, much like the outcomes in the previous case. this ... lead to lower standing charges, bringing total costs for energy users down. per unit prices follow developments in commodity prices and energy taxes. as both energy taxes and electricity commodity prices ...
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