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1 - 10 van 64 voor non uniform prices
Microsoft Word - ageing_.doc
... households, particularly their housing wealth. a change in house prices can have a large impact on the intergenerational distribution. ... differ between assets and time periods. this study chooses one uniform time-invariant discount rate equal to the average market ... the sustainability calculations more in line with other (cpb and non-cpb) models in which economic behaviour has long been recognised ...
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Microsoft Word - disc76.doc
... sweden per 70cl bottle. standard vat rates that are applied to the excise-duty-inclusive prices of alcoholic drinks range from 15% (cyprus, luxembourg) to 25% (denmark, sweden); the eu average ... done at acceptable cost, and the optimal uniform pigouvian alcohol excise duty, therefore, would have to be a weighted average of each drinker's non-uniform optimal duty the weights being each drinker ...
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Microsoft Word - bijz90.doc
... as possible and that it should be levied at a single, uniform rate. 1.1 introduction the value-added tax (vat) is ... tax is on producers, because consumers can buy goods at world prices without tax. in economics literature, origin taxation is more likely ... non-business use of a supply, e.g. for personal or employee consumption, is taxable if provided free of charge. exceptionally, arm's length prices ...
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competition and access price regulation broadband market pdf
... , infrastructure-based firms supply differentiated downstream services. in the second scenario, referred to as uniform differentiation, all downstream services are uniformly differentiated, irrespective of the network through which the ... the access price, and these quantities are always non-negative if 0 (or 0 1 where ). the corresponding second stage equilibrium prices are ps (a) qs (a)+a pi (a) ...
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child care subsidies revisted pdf
... by employers by a premium, smaller role of rationing and the uniform financing allow for a somewhat simpler modelling of child care subsidies ... implicitly assume that the use of unpaid informal care is a non-choice. indeed, data from portegijs et al. (2006) suggest that ... for paid informal care, but a distribution of paid informal care prices. 22 figure 3.2 the choice over paid formal and informal ...
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Dia 1
... and indexed to prices or wages since 2000 hybrid system hard nominal entitlement soft ambition for indexation to prices and wages current ... so at 100% no funding left for any future indexation to prices and wages real funding ratio well below 100! note 20 ... perfect solidarity under uniform risk aversion(crra) individuals share equally in risks habit formation put less risks to the old non crra put ...
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G:\data\pdf\lijesen\disc16.wpd [PFP#1221338023]
... of customer loyalty and unfamiliarity with alternatives. from the uniform distribution of zs, it follows that the market ... organic chemicals inorganic chemicals fertilizer other chemical iron and steel non-ferrous metals metal products building materials other industrial ... average prices and unit prices in our outcomes. unit prices correspond to variable p in our model, whereas average prices also ...
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competition and regulation telecommunications markets pdf
... .2. terminating access prices and comparison 99 7.3. linear prices 106 7.3.1. model 106 7.3.2. terminating access prices and comparison 106 7.4. non-uniform prices (termination-based price ... flat fees, linear prices, and non-uniform prices (operators differentiate between on-net and off-net per-minute prices). in each of these situations we zoom role of terminating access prices. as a special ...
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supply renewable energy sources and cost eu climate policy pdf
... ). figure 6 shows the emission prices in the different scenarios. the uniform emis- sion price is at approximately 17 per ton co2. the segmentation into ets and non-ets with the respective reduction ... it further. 18 figure 6 emission prices (eu, 2020, base case cost level) steepness of supply curve (relative to base case) uniform uniform + ret ets ets + ret non-ets non-ets + ret figure 7 renewables ...
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selective-contracting.pdf
... prices for the non-insured, pc. consumers choose whether to insure before these prices are set. we assume rational expectations on the part of consumers. suppose consumers expect a pair of prices ... to strategically influence prices for the non-insured (and the consequences of these prices for total sector ... we now discuss an explicit example with uniform distribution g() with 0, and choose c 0. assume ...
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