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1 - 10 van 45 voor pricing decisions
G:\data\pdf\lijesen\disc16.wpd [PFP#1221338023]
... literature on energy distribution is dedicated to access pricing, mainly to discussing the efficient components pricing rule (ecpr).1 furthermore, access pricing under vertical integration between upstream (network owners) ... this phenomenon is that producers take the switching costs into account in their pricing decisions. 40 5.5 other variations apart from the variations mentioned in the previous ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion61.doc
... could have explained pricing decisions by health plans over the period 1996-2004. we distinguish the following potential determinants. cost of providing insurance coverage first, pricing decisions are likely ... insurance premiums as explained in section 2, pricing decisions by health plans for basic insurance may be influenced by pricing of supplementary insurance since these products are ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion153.doc
... and that individual deviations by firms (e.g. in their pricing decisions) will not make regulators reconsider their regulatory principles. this ... and 0 are assumed to be fixed (not affected by pricing decisions). note that a change of the access price has ... the effects of access regulation on market outcomes, taking investment decisions as given.19 throughout the migration decision of customers are ...
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N:\publicaties\...\cpbdoc29.wp [PFP#230982527]
... at anti-competitive coordination. another coordination device is rule-of-thumb pricing. this involves the practice of the cost-plus pricing principle, in which a normal' profit is added to the product ... for thecurrent product. transparency a collusive agreement is only stable if each firm can monitor pricing decisions by the other firms. in other words, it is important that the market is transparent ...
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vertical foreclosure policy framework pdf
... indeed, when firms are vertically related decisions on commercial strategies that affect the joint profits of the whole vertical structure are decentralized. decisions may therefore be inefficient from the ... charge joint profit maximizing prices at equilibrium, even when they do not delegate pricing decisions to downstream retailers but use rpm to set downstream prices (bernheim and whinston (1985 ...
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dp214.indd
... the monopolist when to invest, and to set prices optimally. the optimal timing and pricing decisions are related in the relevant case when investment costs have to be recovered through ... ap1- r - - c. in the following, we shall be interested in optimal investment timing and pricing decisions. 5 inclusion of marginal costs is relatively straightforward, but complicates the sufficient conditions for ...
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access regulation and adoption voip pdf
... network versus adopting voip services. since consumers have to change equipment at their premises, migration decisions are lumpy and thus not based on expected prices. in this set-up, we explore ... one relates to retail pricing. the pstn retail price only affects competition in the voip segment as a consequence of the endogenous nature of consumers technology adoption decisions. an important result is ...
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Microsoft Word - DP128_demooij _2_.doc
... we specify a convex cost function to capture the costs associated with manipulated transfer pricing. hence, profit shifting to countries with very low corporate tax rates becomes increasingly costly ... , 2003, evaluating tax policy for location decisions, international tax and public finance devereux, m.p. and b. lockwood, 2006, how are plant location decisions and capital flows in europe affected ...
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Microsoft Word - DP ECA voorblad.doc
... that follows from the assumption of a convex marginal concealment cost of transfer pricing. gerard (2007) focuses on transfer pricing through a ...nancing detour in an un-active a liate in a ... before knowing whether they are subject to a negative shock. hence, they base their input decisions on expected output values and expected marginal productivities. the probabilities of pro...t and loss ...
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Microsoft Word - DP CCCTB voorblad.doc
... distortions associated with corporation taxes, such as the debt equity choice, marginal investment decisions, discrete location choices and profit shifting. the last two of these incorporate international ... intra-company transactions. the european commission (2001) estimates the costs related to transfer pricing in multinational companies at revenues they generate. however, it is difficult to ...
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