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1 - 10 van 141 voor scale economies
Microsoft Word - doc73.doc
... partial privatisation). the degree to which competition is feasible depends on (i) the degree of scale economies; (ii) the existence of alternative networks; (iii) the level of demand (growth); and (iv) ... in let us elaborate on these characteristics. ...the smaller the economies of scale if the technology does not exhibit substantial economies of scale, there is not much reason why only one firm, ...
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Microsoft PowerPoint - Brussels_DGTrade05092006.ppt
... costs for service providers mainly fixed costs regulation-caused costs could be a source of scale economies...... if borders were open! foreign service regulation comes on top of regulation in home market ...
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Microsoft Word - DP_voorblad_scale_def.doc
... scale in business services is close to 20 employees. scale inefficiencies show a hump-shape pattern with strong potential scale economies for the smallest firms. nonetheless, some firms operate at a scale below the minimal optimal scale. ...
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Microsoft PowerPoint - Kox_CEPS_Brussel_Febr_1_2011_v2.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
... scale inefficiencies as proxy for effectiveness of market selection (1) 1. thought experiment consider steady state in a competitive industry with a homogeneous product and scale economies firms grow until they reach optimal scale most firms will at least have optimal scale result of selection only firms close to the optimal scale will ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc96
... focuses on three indicators of competition. the first indicator is based on economies of scale. estimates indicate that scale economies are substantial compared to what is usually found for other financial ... versa), offering both products enables the firm to reap economies of scope in risk management.2 empirical research finds that economies of scale are important in life insurance. chapter 4 ...
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Discussion paper
... .r. vincent (ed.) handbook of environmental economics, amsterdam north- holland elsevier. vermeulen, w. (2010) external scale economies and the cost of urban growth controls in a system of heterogeneous cities,' paper presented ...
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2
... r , although the reverse may also occur if housing demand is sufficiently elastic and if scale economies are sufficiently strong. the change in producer surplus is now given by . ba a a ... a lulu hazardous waste disposal sites. review of economics and statistics, vermeulen, w. (2010). external scale economies and the cost of urban growth controls in a system of heterogeneous cities. paper presented ...
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N:\...\discussion26.wp [PFP#1230639143]
... is rejected in favour of decreasing-returns-to scale when using the innovation panel. this asymmetric result reflects the importance of scale economies for boosting labour productivity growth in the services sector (see kox, 2002). moreover, it suggests the existence of optimal scale sizes sector (see ...
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agglomeration economies netherlands pdf
... of specialized intermediate inputs can find enough customers to reach their minimum efficient scale, just as people with specialized skills can find work in producing these inputs. ... is also important. mar economies materialize as a positive relation between productivity and concentration of production within a given industry. jacobs economies hinge - like mar economies - on knowledge spillovers ...
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structural estimates equilibrium unemployment six oecd economies pdf
... policy varies widely across the oecd economies. introduction though the oecd economies, and in particular the west-european economies, are highly interdependent, their economies behave differently. differences in the level ... firms reduce their employment level if their production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale. a crucial parameter in this labour demand relation is the elasticity of ...
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