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Microsoft Word - DP_voorblad_scale_def.doc
... economies of scale, because of the relation between relatively high sunk development costs and almost zero marginal costs of software multiplication (shy 2001). silk et al. (2003) find variable scale economies ... competition issues. the random variable is defined by the truncation of the normal distribution with zero mean and variance 2 , such that it - z is the point of truncation.6 hence, it ...
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Onderzoeksmemorandum (set-up) [PFP#301156075]
... variable is that the forecast error7 has zero mean and minimal variance. alternatively, one might want it to have zero mode or zero median in stead of zero mean. if small sample properties are hard to ... cpb forecasts, which largely rely on method (1), with the consensus mean as published monthly in consensus forecasts (this consensus mean is computed by consensus economics from forecasts as put out ...
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Microsoft Word - disc71.doc
... descriptive statistics of the data europe japan variable symbol unit of measurement mean min max standard deviation mean outputs passengers kilometres pkm billions of passenger kilometres freight kilometres fkm ... analysis and is a random term, which is assumed to be symmetrically distributed with zero mean and constant variance. all other variables are introduced below. most terms differ across ...
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income incentives labour participation and home production pdf
... 19) where it i,t-1 +it and 1 and it is iid with zero mean and variance 2 n while i are 10 note that we do ... and mp it is a re-entrance probability that is equal to zero in the current period and takes positive values in the future. the ... 2, we reject the null hypothesis that these coefficients are jointly equal to zero indicates that attrition may indeed bias our results. we can only speculate ...
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macroeconomic resilience dsge model pdf
... a commonly heard expression in policy discussions, but what do we mean by resilience? in colloquial terms resilience suggests the ability to ... avoided by the adjustment employed here. but what do we mean by capital embodied technology? it basically means that there is ... response to monetary shocks, since these are known to be stationary, zero mean shocks. this can clearly be seen in figure 5.3. hence ...
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management economics large uk retailer pdf
... autoregression parameter, i is annual random noise in sales which follows a continuous distribution with zero mean and a finite second moment and is independent of the regressors and serially uncorrelated; ... demand while keeping turnover under control. 17 table 3.1 descriptive statistics variable obs. mean std. dev. store characteristics sales per hour worked total hours worked per week store ...
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memo179.pdf
... the reporting errors is discussed in section 2. here the reporting errors have a zero mean (unbiased) and different variances. several estimation methods for these variances are discussed. the ... the classical approach to the modelling of reporting errors, where they are stochastic with zero mean and different variances. then the optimally weighted average of these observations uses the reciprocal ...
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new approach measuring competition loan markets euro area pdf
... perfect competition where output price equals marginal costs, the conjectural variation between banks should be zero, whereas a value of one would indicate monopoly. panzar and rosse (1987) propose an approach ... z-value indicates whether the parameter significantly differs from 0 under the normal distribution with zero mean and standard deviation one. c for germany and the us, 2sls is used and the ...
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dp206sorting and output loss due search frictions 0 pdf
... ), e jxj j x (thin), least squares estimate (thick) where is a zero mean error term. then p lim jxj hence, when there is no measurement ... on x and z such that they have zero mean. since we have de...ned w to have a zero mean too, it does not make sense to ... worker and job characteristics bs x0 ; bc z0 again, both indices have zero mean by construction.13 so, the skill measure is the pre- dicted wage ...
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paper-flex-martin-2.pdf
... term only averaged 20-30 log points in western europe and it was close to zero, if not negative, in central and eastern european countries at the beginning of their transition ... industry composition and other individual characteristics, 2000-05 panel a. educational attainment low medium high mean % % 20 8. conclusions implications for policy 50. the on-going debate on labour market flexibility ...
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