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1 - 10 van 140 voor structural measures
Microsoft Word - disc71.doc
... entry play a role in increasing efficiency (disney et al., 2000). because of the structural peculiarities of the railway industry, competition within this industry may differ from many other ... , our analysis is constrained to the period 1990-2001. consequently, the effects of recent structural measures may not be fully materialised. for instance, full separation of infrastructure and train services ...
cpb.nl
Microsoft Word - memo broadband 8dec05.doc
... market power resulting from the natural monopoly of the network. regulatory measures include both structural measures and behavioural measures. the former affects the legal and ownership structure as well ... ) to 15 (sweden). we will distinguish three major components of regulation (state) ownership, structural measures (unbundling) and regulation of access conditions. in section 5, we will analyze ...
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Microsoft Word - CPB Memorandum 143.doc
... policies 43 4.1 introduction 43 4.2 state ownership and structural measures 43 4.3 regulation 45 4.4 financial instruments 48 4 ... generated concerns about the ability of market parties to take those measures which are needed from a societal point of view. these ... small-scale users. gts must in that case oversee any corrective measures as smoothly as possible - if necessary by taking over the supply ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc210.doc
... of systemic risk necessary. we divide policy measures that aim to reduce systemic risk into three broad categories incentive regulation, structural regulation, and ex post crisis intervention.1 ... purposes, however, we put these policy measures in one category. 13 limiting the activities that banks are allowed to perform, and structural measures, such as regulation rating agencies, increasing ...
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dp220.indd
... number of air pollutants and structural changes in a consistent economic framework. the bottom-up study of amann et al. (2008) show the cost-effectiveness of structural measures, such as energy efficiency improvements ... will show to what extent emission reductions can be obtained by structural changes in the economy as well as by eop measures. data on emissions and eop abatement were derived from the ...
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dutch long term fiscal projections ottawa 2013 pdf
... chru sgp dpk budgetary impact after 2017 (due to structural measures) change from baseline, in % gdp cpb netherlands bureau for ... structural measures. cpb netherlands bureau for economic policy analysis pros and cons sustainability analysis advantages forward looking on economic developments (ageing) forward looking on economic policy measures makes long-term budgetary effects of structural measures ...
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EUROFRAME conferentie, "Labour markets after the crisis: policy challenges for the EU...
... measures)? will output growth be sufficient to bring unemployment rates back to their pre-crisis levels? should policy measures be implemented to support job creation in the short-term? what structural ...
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paper-flex-martin-2.pdf
... , information on enforcement is generally scattered (see venn, 2009). therefore, cross-country comparable quantitative measures of the degree of stringency of employment protection that are available in the literature ... particular across firms, within each industry as a result of a continuous process of structural adjustment (see e.g. oecd, 2003). for example, using a decomposition of the business ...
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structural changes demand labor pdf
... in wages and employment, substitution on the demand side seems a likely explanation for the structural upgrading of the workforce. employers may have replaced increasingly expensive, low-skilled workers by relatively ... capital. both definitions are approximations of the 'true' cost of capital. how to evaluate both measures? which price to take? in figure a.1 and a.2 both series are drawn ...
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structural estimates equilibrium unemployment six oecd economies pdf
... on the structural determinants. key questions are whether the structural approach can provide reliable estimates of the equilibrium rate of unemployment and whether dependence on the structural determinants is ... five european economies is that they fluctuate strongly and depend significantly on policy measures like the wedge and the replacement rate. policymakers might therefore reduce the ...
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