Vertically integrated 

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access regulation and adoption voip pdf
... access, he models a situation of a vertically integrated firm controlling both local access and providing broadband access, and a downstream internet retailer. the integrated firm can invest in the capacity of ... profits in the voip segment, a vertically integrated pstn incumbent has less incentives to lobby for an increase in the access price than a non-integrated pstn operator (also, within a ...
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Microsoft Word - doc73.doc
... and railroads. this process is usually viewed as replacing tight regulation of vertically integrated monopolies with light regulation of functionally specialised firms and supervision of ... network operator horizontally related firms (competitors) owners (government and or private shareholders) vertically related firms (producers, maintenance companies, suppliers) consumers regulator (government) 25 ...
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