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1 - 10 van 10 voor demographic certainty
fiscal prefunding response demographic uncertainty pdf
... under demographic certainty 19 5 stochastic demographics 23 6 maximizing social welfare under demographic uncertainty 27 7 concluding remarks 31 references 33 7 summary uncertainty in demographic developments ... under demographic uncertainty in this section, the welfare maximizing fiscal policy under demographic uncertainty is determined in a similar way as it was for demographic certainty in the ...
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memo168.pdf
... for consumers than demographic uncertainty. using table 6.2 we can decompose the total certainty equivalent into the economic certainty equivalent and the demographic certainty equivalent. to illustrate, combining the first two columns under full uncertainty' with the column under demographic ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc102
... should not give rise to uncertainty, as this may negatively affect current investment decisions. certainty about future regulatory conditions and access tariff structures can be very important for ... is related to the issue whether broadband creates a digital divide among socioeconomic and demographic dimensions. if we detect market failures, the analytical framework can be used as guideline ...
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Microsoft Word - demooij_lejour_a1.doc
... we include a number of developments inside and outside turkey which can be foreseen with certainty. for instance, we assume that ten candidate countries from central and eastern europe become ... somewhat below the average of the central and eastern european countries. we take account of demographic developments in turkey. the turkish population is expected to increase from 68 million million in ...
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bijz8.pdf
... trade-off market power diversity versus scale or scope externalities experimentation versus certainty specificity flexibility versus commitment risk sharing incentives versus solidarity simple solutions. 1 ... might affect economic performance and how long-term social, technological, economic and demographic trends impact the relationship between institutions and performance. focusing on trade-offs, ...
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intergenerational risk sharing pdf
... have an important implication related to the current pension reforms worldwide. due to increasing demographic pressure, in various countries collective defined benefit pension schemes are being replaced by ... utility and compares next-period utility with its certainty-equivalent counterpart. a consumer that is relatively risk averse ( ) has a certainty-equivalent utility that is lower than expected ...
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impact demographic uncertainty public finances netherlands pdf
... attention, demographic uncertainties are often neglected. in a long-term analysis, demographic uncertainties may be equally relevant however. an analysis that deals exclusively with demographic uncertainties may ... that future labour participation rates within each stochastic simulation are known with certainty. accounting for this added source of uncertainty would indeed increase the forecast ...
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Microsoft Word - wd120.doc
... simplicity, we assume that the monopoly publisher produces a single magazine under perfect information and certainty regarding costs and demands. readers are perfectly informed about the quality of content, which is ... are sent to media agencies (who place ads for clients) by the publishers. (11) the demographic and socio-economic profile of a magazine's readership can be found in the summo ...
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memo1960.pdf
... project netspar theme ( risk sharing in pension schemes in the presence of economic and demographic risks applied stochastic modelling ), we want to compare pure db schemes with pure (collective ... as if aggregate uncertainty exists, but without actual shocks. a comparison of the certainty and uncertainty case (using numerical integration) reveals the precautionary saving effect of uncertainty ...
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MNP-rapport 500114006 Post-2012 Climate Policy Scenarios
... the advantage that they offer more certainty about the expected costs involved. however, the disadvantage is that they offer less certainty with respect to environmental effectiveness. ... partially depend on sectoral growth differences. national savings rates depend on the demographic structure according to empirical estimates. international trade netherlands environmental assessment agency (mnp) ...
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