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1 - 10 van 22 voor biased reporting
memo179.pdf
... .4 empirical comparison of unbiased versus biased reporting it is possible to judge empirically the two main models of this paper the unbiased reporting versus the biased reporting. we give the results for ... value the bias model9. table b.1 loglikelihood values reporting model loglikelihood formula value relative value variance model (unbiased reporting) eq biased reporting eq (b.1) 38.6 % -49.8 0 ...
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memo212.pdf
... biased reporting errors reporting is systematically too low, or systematically too high. for each country we have a typical expected percentage of over-reporting or under-reporting, separately for export reporting and import reporting ... the importers together. table 6.3 estimates of the variance model export reporting import reporting total rel variance total rel variance billion usd % billion usd % ...
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Microsoft Word - cpbdoc127.doc
... that the nbs publishes official quarterly gdp figures within weeks of the end of the reporting period, significantly faster than other statistics agencies. for example, it takes the highly praised american ... between the most developed countries, the world export average (viz. the reference group used) is biased towards the export-baskets of the developed countries and is thus likely to be quite ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion134.doc
... reporting successful program exits. still, even with linear incentives and without discretion in reporting successful programs, providers may use their discretion in determining the end date of the program, that is, the reporting ... average durations--controlling for gross cohort type fixed effects--may give biased results. we therefore control for job placement rate differentials by employing (and ...
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did 2006 covenants reduce school dropout netherlands pdf
... do not reflect real changes in school dropout but are the result of improvements in reporting and registration practices (see also ministry of education, 2006). for the analysis, it is difficult ... in dropout from changes in registration practices. if improvements in registration practices are on average biased towards either covenant or non-covenant regions, then using rmc figures will bias the ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion157.doc
... features, such as price regulation or specific policies with respect to quality standards and reporting. therefore, case studies that focus on particular countries and particular quality dimensions may contribute ... . without a correction for the health status, the estimates of competition effects will be biased downwards. 20 these undesirable effects occur when the sample of patients that is used ...
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do school inspections improve primary school performance pdf
... those that are not. this approach has the disadvantage that the estimated effects can be biased by unobserved differences between schools. in addition, these studies only estimated the effect of school ... their children. every year the test received considerable media attention, with national newspapers and television reporting on the most recent results. in this paper we use the test scores of all ...
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effects competition quality primary schools netherlands pdf
... competition, estimates in a 8 simple ols regression analysis will be biased. to correct for this effect, we use the distance between the ... are that estimates in a simple ols regression analysis will be biased. instead, we will adopt an iv strategy in which we use ... of the pupil population of each school and finally a dataset reporting the number of teachers31 , and the average cito test results at ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion47.doc
... of measurement error common to police statistics that may result in biased estimates. recorded crime statistics are subject to changes in reporting and recording behaviour that are hard to control for ... of criminal justice, 30, pp. 65-76. levitt, s.d., 1998, the relationship between crime reporting and police implications for the use of uniform crime reports, journal of quantitative criminology, ...
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Microsoft Word - discussion154.doc
... notification. the reporting duty concerns license holders as well as those who are exempted from the licensing requirement. the reporting duty rests upon the institution itself. within the institution, the reporting duty is ... needs to be re-evaluated. the conclusions regarding the information content of releases might be biased for another reason. if th
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